Anamika Manhas
Cardiac surgery is when a surgeon performs surgery on the heart or major vessels. It is frequently used to treat ischemic heart
disease complications, to rectify congenital heart disease, or to treat valvular heart disease caused by numerous causes, such
as atherosclerosis. Cardiovascular disease is the world's biggest cause of death. In low and middle-income nations, access to
heart surgery is still severely limited, if not non-existent. Cardiac surgery differs from other types of treatment because of
advancements in techniques and materials, which have resulted in safer treatments and lower perioperative risks. Despite the
lower risk, postoperative treatment is linked to a number of problems, including acute renal failure, multiple organ system
malfunction, neurological problems, and heart pump failure. Cardiac tamponade as a result of suture leakage, blockage of an
artery graft, and paravalvular regurgitation are all common surgical consequences. After cardiopulmonary bypass, high-dose
steroids reduce inflammation. Delirium is a common side effect of heart surgery, and it's linked to slower recovery and worse
long-term prognosis.