Jeffrey Zajac
Regarding diabetes-related carcinogenesis and androgen deprivation therapy-related metabolic disease, respectively, prostate cancer and ADT are linked to diabetes. This study's objective is to thoroughly review the pertinent literature. In the US, it is projected that 218,000 men receive a new prostate cancer diagnosis each year. 10% of them are still discovered to have metastases, while 30% of patients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer had recently undergone ADT in addition to them. Contrary to other cancers, type 2 diabetes has been linked to a decreased incidence of prostate cancer, according to population-based studies. However, more recent large cohort studies have found a link between diabetes and advanced, high-grade prostate cancer. The greater likelihood of advanced illness at diagnosis can be attributed to the lower serum testosterone and PSA levels in diabetic men, even if it is still unclear why these men have a lower prevalence of prostate cancer. Meanwhile, 3 months after the start of ADT, 25–60% of patients already exhibit insulin resistance, and longterm ADT increases the risk of developing diabetes (reported hazard ratio of 1.28–1.44). Although it has been proposed that cytokines like Il-6 and TNF- may be relevant to diabetes brought on by ADT, its mechanism is not well known.